Midwifery test

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ANTICOAGULANTS

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ANTICOAGULANTS These agents are employed to inhibit homeostasis at different stages till the stage of fibrinolysis. Homeostasis involves the interplay of three procoagulant phases ( vascular, platelet, and coagulation ) that promote blood clotting to prevent blood loss. The fibrinolytic system prevents propagation of clotting beyond the site of vascular injury and is involved in clot dissolution, or lysis. OVERVIEW OF THROMBOSIS Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus. When a thrombus occupies more than 75% of cross-sectional area of the lumen of an artery, blood flow to the tissue ...
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DEPRESSION

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DEPRESSION Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression is an affective disorder characterized by a psychomotor retardation. It can also be called major depressive disorder or clinical depression. It affects how you feel, think and behave and it can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. AETIOLOGY 1. Heredity 2. Biochemical change in the body 3. Physical conditions e.g. infection and certain drugs like steroids and reserpine. 4. Hormonal imbalance 5. Psychological factors such as bereavement, pressure at work, home or maternal deprivation. CLASSIFICATION OF DEPRESSION 1. Exogenous depression 2. Endogenous depression 3. Depression phase of bipolar affective disorder 4. Puerperal depression 5. Unipolar depression CLINICAL MANIFESTATION 1. Feeling of sadness 2. Tearfulness 3. Tearfulness 4. Hopelessness 5. Angry outburst 6. Irritability or frustration 7. Loss of ...
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