RHINITIS

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 RHINITIS 
DEFINITION :
This is the irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose.
🌟The primary symptom is nose dripping(commonly called catarrh),and is caused by chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose due to viruses,bacteria or irritants.

Note:✏Rhinitis can also affect the eyes and throat.

Rhinitis affects the eyes because its close proximity(connection) with the eyes,results in migration of chemical mediators of inflammation to the eyes and this manifests as LACRIMATION(tearing),REDNESS,ITCHING AND BURNING SENSATION as also seen in Allergic conjunctivitis.
OR
👉Rhinitis is a reaction that occurs in the nose,mostly resulting from allergen.

 CAUSES:
🐒Pollen from trees,grass and weed.
🐒Hash environmental factors like pollution, smoke and strong smells.
🐒Dust and animal hair.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
✔The inhaled allergen stays on the mucosal surface, thereby elevating the level of immunoglobulin E (IgE).
✔The nasal mucosa then becomes edematous and leukocytes infiltrate it.
✔These results in capillary permeability,leading to tissue EDEMA,SNEEZING and ITCHING .

RISK /PREDISPOSING FACTORS. 
👌The presence of other allergic diseases such as asthma, eczema.
👌Parental rhinitis(Hereditary ).
👌Allergic sensitization to common household aeroallergens.
👌Obesity/being overweight.
👌Elevated exhaled Nitric oxide.
👌High total serum IgE.
👌Exposure to parental smoking.
👌Exposure to pets.

 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
🏈Itching
🏈Burning nasal mucosa
🏈Copious mucous secretions
🏈Red,burning teary eyes
🏈Sneezing
🏈Pale,boggy, nasal mucosa.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS:
✏Nasal smears(indicates eosinophil)
✏Elevated serum IgE
✏Skin test (positive among various allergens)

 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
💊Administer antihistamines,decongestants and topical corticosteroids(To treat irritation and itching).
💊Immunotherapy for clients with specific inhalant allergens like house dust and pollen which is unavoidable.

NURSING CARE:
👠Teach client the proper use of nasal spray by blowing his nose first before administering  nasal medication. 
👠Encourage a routine cleansing of the house,furniture's equipment which may house dust and other p ollens
👠Proper hygiene (activities of daily living such as bathing and oral hygine) is encouraged.


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