KAPOSI’S SARCOMA (KS)

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KAPOSI’S SARCOMA (KS)
Overgrowth of blood vessels that leads to malignant tumors and cancer of lymphatic tissue and skin commonly found in patients with AIDS. Usually seen in cases of advanced AIDS.

PROGNOSIS
Kaposi’s sarcoma is often associated with AIDS. The treatment of AIDS with antiretrovirals usually helps the symptoms of KS.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Red, brown, and purple lesions on the buccal mucosa, lips, gums, tongue, and palates because it is a malignancy affecting the skin and mucosa.
• Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) if the malignancy invades the pulmonary system.

INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
• Biopsy to look for the HIV virus, and B-lymphocytes.
• CT scan to determine metastasis of the lesion to ascertain the severity of the disease.

TREATMENT
The treatment for KS is often specific for the individual lesion, using radiation.
Treatment for AIDS will also ameliorate, to some degree, the effects of AIDS.
• Radiation in the affected tissue to shrink and treat tumors. Laser surgery may be utilized to remove some lesions.
• Administer antiemetic medication to counter effects of chemotherapy and radiation:
• Trimethobenzamide
• Administer chemotherapy medication to slow or halt the disease:
• Doxorubicin
• Etoposide
• Vinblastine
• Vincristine

NURSING DIAGNOSES
• Disturbed body image
• Ineffective protection
• Risk for infection

NURSING INTERVENTION
• Monitor skin for lesions to determine new lesions and/or metastasis.
• Daily weighing to determine changes in weight from baseline.
• Explain to the patient:
• The need for dietary changes, such as a high-protein, high-calorie diet.
• How to conserve energy.
• Hospice care.
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