FATFEM20

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CKD/END STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD)   Is a progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance fails, resulting  in  uremia  and azotemia. ESRD  Causes:   1. Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis,     pyelonephritis. Obstruction of the urinary     tract, hereditary lesions as in polycystic     kidney  disease,  vascular  disorders,     infections, medications, or toxic agents.   2. Environmental and occupational agents  that  have  been  implicated  in  CRF  include lead, mercury and chromium.  Dialysis  or  kidney  transplantation  eventually  becomes  necessary  for  patient’s survival. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY   Has renal function deteriorate the end product of CHON metabolism which are excreted in the urine accumulates in the blood. Uremia develops and adversely affect every system in the body.   STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE  Stage 1Reduced re

ACUTE  RENAL  FAILURE Results when the kidneys cannot remove the body’s metabolic wastes or perform their regulatory functions. The substances normally   eliminated   in   the   urine accumulate in the body fluids as a result of impaired renal excretion, leading to a disruption in endocrine and metabolic functions as well as fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances.  It is a systemic disease and is a final   common pathway of many different kidney   and urinary tract diseases.  CATEGORIES OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE  ➡️ PRERENAL Occurs in 60 to 70% of cases,  is the result of impaired blood flow  that leads to hypoperfusion of the  kidney and a decrease in the GFR. Common   clinical   conditions  are: 1. volume-depletion states (hemorrhage  or  Gl  losses) 2. impaired  cardiac  performance (Mi, HF:or cardiogenic  shock) 3. vasodilation (sepsis or  anaphylaxis) ➡️ INTRARENAL   Is the result of actual parenchymal damage  to glomeruli or kidney tubules. Nephrotoxic agents suc

Born: May 12, 1820 Florence, Italy Died: August 13, 1910 London, England English nurse The English nurse Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing and made outstanding contributions to the knowledge and improvement of public health. EARLY YEARS AND STUDY  Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820; she was named after the city of her birth. Her father, William E. Nightingale , was a wealthy landowner who had inherited an estate in Derbyshire, England. Like many members of the wealthy class, he and Florence's mother, Fanny , dedicated themselves to the pursuit of active social lives. Florence and her sister, Parthenope , were tutored by their father in languages, mathematics, and history. Though Florence was tempted by the idea of a brilliant social life and marriage, she also wanted to achieve independence, importance in some field of activity, and obedience to God through service to society. In 1844 Nightingale decided that she want

     THEME is ( Nurses: A Voice to Lead) .  The sub-theme for 2021 is  A Vision for Future Healthcare. “This global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the world the important role that nurses play in keeping people healthy across the lifespan,” said Annette Kennedy, ICN President. “While there has been significant disruption to healthcare, there has also been significant innovation that has improved access to care. In 2021, we will focus on the changes to and innovations in nursing and how this will ultimately shape the future of healthcare.” Howard Catton, ICN Chief Executive Officer, added, “The pandemic has exposed the weaknesses in our health systems and the enormous pressures our nurses are working under, as well as shining a light on their incredible commitment and courage. What the pandemic has also done is given us the opportunity to call for a reset and the opportunity to explore new models of care where nurses are at the centre of our health systems. We can only achieve

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infectious and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures. Infection and inflammation may spread to the abdomen, including perihepatic structures. The classic high-risk patient is a menstruating woman younger than 25 years who has multiple sex partners, does not use contraception, and lives in an area with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (STD). PID is initiated by infection that ascends from the vagina and cervix into the upper genital tract. Chlamydia trachomatis is the predominant sexually transmitted organism associated with PID. Of all acute PID cases, less than 50% test positive for the sexually transmitted organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea. Other organisms implicated in the pathogenesis of PID include, Gardnerella vaginalis (which causes bacterial vaginosis (BV), Haemophilus influenzae, and anaerobe

Firstly, We must acknowledge the fact that there are Pedophile in our society.  WHAT IS PEDOPHILE ?  Pedophile:(alternatively spelt paedophilia) is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children. CHILD MOLESTATION Child Molestation is also known as child sexual abuse. It is a secret crime involving a range of indecent sexual activities between an adult and a child. According to the National Violence Against Children Survey, it established that 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 10 boys experience sexual violence before the age of 18 in one way or the other. TYPES OF MOLESTATION: -Defilement -Rape -Fingering -Making a child watch pornography -Exposing the genital to kids -Indecent touching -Fondling etc WHO COULD ABUSE A CHILD ? ANYBODY Studies show that over 95% of sexually abused children are abused by persons known or close to the child or the child's family. ABUSERS ARE MOSTLY NOT STRANGERS . They ar